1. 沮丧，灰心，气馁，丧气，丧失勇气，垂头丧气
2. 惊慌，惊惶，慌张，万分惊恐，丧胆
3. 惊愕，诧异，吃惊，惊奇
4. 沮丧情绪
5. 狼狈，狼狈的样子

1. 使气馁，使沮丧，使失望，使灰心
2. 使惊慌，使丧胆
3. 沮丧，泄气，灰心丧气
4. 使...苦恼
5. 非常不安
6. 使惊愕，使诧异

1. vt. & vi. (使)惊愕或气馁 (cause to) fell with dismay

1. [U]惊愕,气馁 feeling of shock and discouragement

1. the feeling of despair in the face of obstacles

2. fear resulting from the awareness of danger

1. lower someone's spirits; make downhearted;

   "These news depressed her"
   "The bad state of her child's health demoralizes her"
   

2. fill with apprehension or alarm; cause to be unpleasantly surprised;

   "I was horrified at the thought of being late for my interview"
   "The news of the executions horrified us"
   

1.惊恐;焦虑;哀伤
dismay is a strong feeling of fear, worry, or sadness that is caused by something unpleasant and unexpected.

e.g. Local councillors have reacted withdismay and indignation...
地方政务委员的反应是惊恐和愤怒。
e.g. Lucy discovered to herdismay that she was pregnant...
露西惊恐地发现自己怀孕了。

2.使惊恐;使焦急;使哀伤
If youare dismayed by something, it makes you feel afraid, worried, or sad.

e.g. The committee was dismayed by what it had been told...
委员会对所告知的一切很是惊愕。
e.g. The thought that she was crying dismayed him.
想到她正在流泪，他伤心不已。

1. 沮丧：- unrestrained 无限制的 | -dismay 沮丧 | - antipathy 憎恶,反感

2. 惊愕：dismal 忧郁的 |dismay 惊愕 | disobey 不服从

3. 惊慌：confide#透露;信赖 |dismay#惊慌 | convey#传达;通报

4. 惊愕的：l panic惊慌的 | ├dismay惊愕的 | ├shocked震惊的

1. Soldiers must never dismay.
   军人必须永不气馁。

1. The thought that she might fail the history test dismayed her.
   想到她的历史可能考不及格时,她很气馁。
2. He dismayed his colleagues by refusing the offer.
   他拒绝了这项建议,使同事们感到惊讶。
1
3. I was dismayed at the news.
   我听到这个消息,很沮丧。
4. He was dismayed when he found his wallet gone.
   他发现丢了钱包而惊慌失措。
5. The speaker was dismayed by the audience's lack of interest.
   听众没有兴趣,讲演者感到沮丧。
6. The travellers were dismayed to find the bridge had been wash away.
   旅行者们发现桥被冲跑了,很沮丧。
7. I was dismayed to learn that she had failed again.
   得知她又一次失败,我感到失望。

1. She in one lifetime sees all causes lost, herself dismayed and hopeless.
   一生中,她看见所有事业都归于失败,而她自己则心灰意冷、无比失望。

1. I am filled with dismay at the news.
   我对这个消息极为震惊。
2. To their dismay, the door was locked.
   使他们惊慌的是,门已被锁上了。

• My amusement at this soon changed to dismay.sssss Tolkien

  出自：ssssG. B. Shaw

• She hugged him tightly with tears in her eyes, dismayed at how much he had changed.

  出自：J. G. Farrell

1. dismay的基本意思是指因前景可怕、不乐观或因受挫折而失去干某事的力量。
2. dismay可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,可接表示人的名词或代词作宾语。
3. dismay后常接介词at或by,介词宾语为事,表示“沮丧”。
4. dismay的过去分词dismayed常用作形容词,在句中作表语。

dismay, appal, daunt, horrify

这组词的共同意思是“引起惊恐、忧郁或使丧失勇气”。其区别在于:dismay指因前景令人沮丧或对某事束手无策,而失去继续干某事的力量; appal指足以把人吓瘫的恐惧,也指遇到无法改变的、使人惊愕的事或物所表现出的无能为力; daunt强调试图干大胆的事,但被威胁或压制,因而停止或退却; 而horrify指见到令人毛骨悚然的东西时的一种恐惧和发抖的反应,也可指失去尊严所引起的暂时的厌恶感。